The system
The whole of verification, under one roof.
One engine certifies the read of a document or a data form. Everything else here is a way in to that engine, a way to look through what it signed, or a way to check it without Factum.
The parts share one grammar. A finding reads the same in a contract, an invoice, a filing or a workbook, and a refusal means the same thing to a person and to a program.
The parts, in one picture
Ways in Three, and one engine behind them. Nothing is possible in the Console that is not possible headless.
The engine Deterministic. Its verdicts use no model. The same input yields the same findings.
What leaves The artifact that travels with the contract, the filing, the report or the data.
| Part | What it is | Where it is shown |
|---|---|---|
| The engine | Reads a document or a data form, answers a declared question, and signs the result. | How it works |
| The Console | Every claim opens to its evidence: the check beneath it, the source beneath that. | The Console |
| The clerk | Drives the system in conversation. It proposes, a person clicks, and every action shows as the call it is. | The Console |
| The verifier | One free file. Anyone checks a certificate offline, for as long as they hold it. | The verifier |
| Admitted engines | An AI engine a customer brings is admitted by measurement, and every sentence it writes is graded before signing. | Beside AI |
| Checklists | Every question is declared before it is asked. Declared questions compose. | The catalogue |
| The store | What was admitted, kept by tenant and scope with where it was read, never rewritten, answerable as of any instant. | Knowledge |
| One grammar | Verify, compare, fill, retrieve: each answers in the same words, with the same receipts. | Below |
One grammar
Factum does more than one kind of work, and it answers each in the same words. A reader who has learned one certificate has learned them all, and so has a program.
| The work | The question it answers | What comes back | A recorded run |
|---|---|---|---|
| Verify a document | Does this document answer every item of the declared checklist? | Each item located, with its position, or absent, with a reason code. | The pre-signature checklist EDI invoices and the check digit |
| Check citations | Does each cited authority exist, is it the case named, and is the quotation exact? | Each citation with a verdict for existence, for identity and for quotation. | The citations report |
| Compare two sources | Do these two documents state the same figures? | Each figure tied, or the difference with the rule that measured it. | The tie-out: earnings against the filing |
| Compare two drafts | What changed between these two declared drafts? | Each clause unchanged, changed, removed or added. | The pre-signature checklist |
| Compose a checklist | Which declared items, taken together, are my question? | A certificate for exactly the items taken, and a signed record of the composition. | A composed checklist |
| Admit and retrieve | What was read from this document, and from where? | Each fact with its position and its quote. What the readers declined, by name. | The round trip: admitted, then retrieved |
| Fill a workbook | Which cells can be filled from these sources, by exact key? | Each cell filled or refused, and the hash of the output signed. | Filling a workbook from its sources |
In every row above, the same four things. They are what a certificate is made of.
The matrix
Every certificate Factum issues is one point in a matrix of four axes: the question asked, the authority it is read against, the way it may decline, and the words it may answer in. Each axis is a closed, published list.
Report types
16declared questions, on 7 shelvesWhat is asked. A checklist, a findings grammar and a boundary statement, each versioned. The catalogue
Spines
4families of held authority: 17 identifier schemes, 2 transaction sets, 2,809 courts, and the source of each checklistWhat it is read against. A published standard or rule, held as versioned data and named on the certificate.
Refusal taxonomy
96registered codes, each in one of 4 remedy classesHow it declines. 40 at intake and 56 on the certify path, each telling a program what to do next. For integrators
Verdicts
79words, in 20 closed vocabulariesWhat it may say. Each kind of finding has its own short list, printed in full below.
The spines
A spine is an outside authority the engine reads a document against. It is held as data, declared and versioned, and never written into the engine's own code. A document that calls for a spine nobody registered is refused by name.
The public X12 layer, version 004010, held as data from two published government conventions.
15 segments declared, each with its name.
17 schemes, each validated by the rule its standard publishes.
The reporter and court lists of the declared case-law corpus, read as it was loaded.
1,236 reporter abbreviations and 2,809 courts.
The rule or regulation a checklist was written from, declared on the report type.
- Federal Maritime Commission: 46 CFR part 541 (Demurrage and Detention), 89 FR 14362, 26 Feb 2024
- Federal Maritime Commission: 46 CFR 545.5 (interpretive rule on demurrage and detention), cross-referenced by § 541.6(e)(1)
- Federal Maritime Commission: 46 CFR part 520 (Carrier Automated Tariffs) — what § 541.6(c)(2) points AT
- US Securities and Exchange Commission: Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(10) — material contracts filed as EX-10
- US Securities and Exchange Commission: Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(10) — material contracts filed as EX-10
- US Securities and Exchange Commission: 17 CFR 210.5-02 (Regulation S-X) — Balance sheets: the captions a commercial or industrial company must state
- US Securities and Exchange Commission: 17 CFR 210.5-03 (Regulation S-X) — Statements of comprehensive income: the captions that must be stated
- US Securities and Exchange Commission: 17 CFR 210.4-01 — form, order and terminology; financial statements not prepared in accordance with GAAP are presumed misleading
- Financial Accounting Standards Board: Concepts Statement No. 8, Chapter 4 — Elements of Financial Statements (equity is the residual interest in an entity's assets after deducting its liabilities). CITED AT CHAPTER LEVEL: no paragraph number is asserted.
- US Securities and Exchange Commission: 17 CFR 244.100 (Regulation G) — a non-GAAP measure disclosed publicly must be presented with, and reconciled to, the most directly comparable GAAP measure
- US Securities and Exchange Commission: 17 CFR 229.10(e) (Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K) — the same requirement for non-GAAP measures included in a filing
- US Securities and Exchange Commission: Form 8-K Item 2.02 — Results of Operations and Financial Condition: the item under which an earnings release is furnished
- US Securities and Exchange Commission: 17 CFR 229.601(b)(10) (Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K) — material contracts filed as EX-10, which is WHY a credit agreement is public at all
The verdict words, in full
The refusal taxonomy
Every code, with its remedy class, is printed on the integrators page.
Offered as a standard
A Factum certificate accompanies every contract, filing, report, and data transfer where integrity matters. That is the aim, and the matrix is how it is reached.
A new kind of document is one more row on the first axis, read against a declared spine. It answers in words, and declines in codes, that every existing reader and every existing program already knows. Nothing already issued is reinterpreted.
Factum offers the matrix as the standard for verification and certification: the questions declared in the open, the authorities named, the refusals enumerable, the verdicts a closed set, and every result checkable by anyone holding a public key.
It is standing infrastructure. The catalogue grows by declaration, and a certificate binds to the version that issued it.
Beside AI
AI proposes. The machine certifies. Factum is the deterministic trust layer beside AI, and the missing key to AI compliance and verification: an AI system routes its claim through Factum and hands on a certificate anyone can check.